Hayward Bros. & Eckstein, shows what is termed a ventilating guard

Hayward Bros. & Eckstein, shows what is termed a ventilating guard. This prevents the horse injuring himself, and at the same time avoids what, in the above- mentioned cases, is liable to become a receptacle for dust, etc.

Messrs. Musgrave & Co. have an arrangement made of iron (Fig. 48) which may be used for loose-box or stall, while it has the strength of an ordinary manger, and economises space. A water pot is shown recessed in the wall, the use of which is optional. If a hay-rack be made flush with manger it is wise to dispense with any iron rim at back or side, as this might annoy or even entrap the horse should he get his head sufficiently far down.

Messrs. Oates & Green manufacture mangers in salt glazed ware which recommend themselves on account of their cleanly and sanitary properties. They are made in what is called “ Nalethric “ fireclay, and are highly glazed ; they may be had in brown colour, cream, white, or light green, enamelled inside or outside.

Iron is used as brackets for fixing to the wall, and also for the hay-rack. Fig. 49 shows one of the mangers in section attached by means of wooden cleats, and built into the wall flush ; but many other means of fixing are adopted, such as by iron plates or bars or by a pillar support. The overall dimensions are 18 inches wide and 13 inches deep, length varying from 3 feet to 6 feet 6 inches.

Fig. 50 shows the general appearance of such a fireclay trough. This special one is made for a loose- box, and is fitted with lugs to fix into walls, instead of which they may be obtained with eyelet pieces to enable of their being bolted to wall.

For a loose-box which is convertible into two stalls, two manger sets should be provided, or a set with a centre and common hay division, as in Fig. 51.

To prevent crib-biting, Professor Varnel invented movable mangers such as that in Fig. 52, which close flush with wall. To accomplish this a space must be allowed at back of stall, which in the majority of cases would be inconvenient, except where a central feeding passage is used in the same way as used in cow-houses. Angle fittings are also made to close up flush, the inside of stall having to be fitted with a wooden shutter which covers up the manger opening.

The usual method of fastening a horse is from the centre of manger, but it may be accomplished equally well from one side or both, it being deemed advisable in some cases to tie the horse on both sides, so keeping him straighter, with less likelihood to disarrange his grooming before going out. The old method is to merely tie the horse to a ring, but some more suitable arrangement may easily be found. Fig. 53 shows a chain or leather strap which runs through a ring and over a pulley, and is attached to a weight which slides along a guide bar. This same principle as the above, but for cheaper stables, can be applied as in Fig. 54, where the ring slides up an inclined bar. In good stable fittings the weight and leather strap are enclosed in an iron casing and work perfectly noiselessly.